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Sustainable Design

😃 Project Overview

Although many people are now aware of the environmental impact of express packaging waste, this awareness has not yet resulted in significant changes in consumer behavior. In particular, many consumers express a desire to reuse packaging but are unsure 🤔️ how to do so effectively, which can lead to confusion and incorrect usage.

🎯 This project aims to address these issues by providing clear guidelines and resources for consumers who wish to reduce their impact on the environment through proper reuse and disposal of packaging materials.

👩🏻 My Role:

• Played a key role in guiding the overall product development process.
• Responsible for overseeing various aspects of the design process.
• Conducted user research and facilitated collaborative workshops with key stakeholders.
• Developed and proposed viable solutions that met the needs of our target audience.

🤞 Outcome:

• Created a designated space for proper disposal and recycling of courier packaging materials in community courier stations.
• Increased carton recycling rates and encouraged environmentally-friendly practices among community members.
• Demonstrated by the 30% increase in residents' delivery volume and the daily recycling volume of a single device exceeding 130kg.

Problem

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🔎 Problem Discover

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🤔 Problem Challenge

What are the challenges that community courier stations in China face specifically when it comes to recycling packages?
Express packaging waste makes up 93% of incremental household waste in mega-cities in China.

After receiving packages, most recipients unpack dispose of cardboard boxes in nearby trash cans or on the ground, mixed with household waste.

We visit to the courier station with the largest volume of packages on the BaoShan campus of Shanghai University that the station receives approximately 3,000 packages every day, and recycles around 300 reusable cardboard boxes.

No recycling standard

• No standardized system for recycling packages in community courier stations in China.
• Each courier company may have its own method, leading to confusion and inefficiency

Limited space

• Many community courier stations are small and have limited space to store and recycle packages
• Leading to overflowing piles of packages and make it difficult to sort and recycle them properly.

Limited resources

• Many community courier stations have limited resources, including staff and equipment, to handle large volumes of packages
• Leading to delays in sorting and recycling packages, exacerbating the space problem

Connect with customers

• No financial incentive for community courier stations to recycle packages
• Many consumers and courier companies are not aware of the importance of recycling packages, leading to low participation rates

💻 The Approach

Phase 1 | Research and understanding

Conducted surveys, interviews, and analysis of existing data and reports to understand consumer behavior and identified best practices and successful initiatives for promoting packaging reuse and recycling.

Phase 2 | Focused Exploration

Phase 2 | Focused Exploration

Identified the most pressing challenges and opportunities for promoting packaging reuse and recycling and explored different strategies, such as incentivizing reuse, redesigning packaging for recyclability, and improving collection and processing systems.

Phase 3 | Concept Development

Involved consumers and other stakeholders in the design process to ensure our solutions were user-friendly and met their needs. Developed prototypes of our "Re-box" platform based on feedback.

Phase 4 | Testing & Iteration

Conducted user testing sessions with consumers to gather feedback on the usability, desirability, and effectiveness of our "Re-box" platform. Used feedback to refine prototypes and address any identified issues.

Phase 5 | Finalization and Launch

Finalized the "Re-box" platform by creating a designated space for proper disposal and recycling of courier packaging materials in community courier stations

🧐 Research

Research Goals

Insights from User Research

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  • Understand the current recycling practices and attitudes towards courier packaging materials among the target user group.
  • Identify the barriers and challenges that prevent users from properly disposing and recycling courier packaging materials.
  • Explore the potential benefits and motivations that may encourage users to adopt environmentally-friendly practices when it comes to courier packaging materials.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of existing courier recycling systems and initiatives, and identify areas for improvement.
  • Assess the usability and accessibility of different recycling stations and resources, and identify design features that would enhance user engagement and participation.
  • Gather feedback from users on potential solutions and design prototypes, in order to inform the development of a user-centered courier recycling system.
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📄 Surveys & Interviews

We distributed more than 517 electronic questionnaires in total, out of which 450 were deemed valid.
The survey questionnaire gathered personal information from respondents such as their age and frequency of online shopping. It also aimed to gain an understanding of the respondents' experience receiving courier packages and to clarify their attitudes and suggestions on recycling courier packaging materials.

Material Typically for Package

What materials are typically included in the packaging of the express deliveries you receive?"

When asked about the materials typically included in the packaging of express deliveries they receive, respondents in this survey reported that cardboard/paper boxes  54.55%, plastic bags 46.47%, foam boxes  39.87%, woven bags 31.41%, and bubble wrap and other shock-absorbing packing materials  28.90%. The packaging materials used for express deliveries vary greatly.
DISPOSE PACKAGE

How do you usually dispose of the packaging materials from express deliveries?

Survey results show that the majority of respondents have some level of environmental awareness when it comes to handling express delivery packaging: 60.41% of respondents reported selling the packaging to a recycling center, 47.21% reported directly discarding the packaging or sorting it separately as waste, 26.30% reported attempting to reuse the packaging, 23.14% reported giving the packaging to the delivery person/station for recycling, and only 22.30% reported sorting the packaging waste before disposing of it.
Sustainable

What are some sustainable packaging methods used in express delivery?

The survey also attempted to understand respondents' awareness of sustainable packaging methods in express delivery. We found that respondents were most aware of reusing old cardboard boxes (57.90%) and reducing tape usage (51.30%) as sustainable packaging methods in express delivery. Other methods that respondents were aware of included not using secondary packaging and shipping in the original box (44.33%), using electronic waybills (29.18%), and using recyclable packaging materials such as tape-free boxes (28.81%).
Challenges

What are the challenges of using green packaging in express delivery?

However, some respondents also worry that the adoption of sustainable packaging by express delivery services may lead to new problems. 68.87% of the respondents feel that the cost of packaging recycling is high and that companies lack the motivation to promote it. 55.30% are concerned that customers may not participate enthusiastically. 43.12% believe that express packaging is easily damaged, making it difficult to reuse or recycle. 23.88% are worried about the risk of privacy leakage when reusing packaging boxes
measures

What steps for sustainable packaging do you want businesses and express delivery companies to take?

"When asked about the measures that interviewees hope businesses and delivery companies can take to achieve a green transformation of package delivery, over half (54.74%) suggested encouraging customers to recycle through rewards, while almost half (44.89%) recommended setting up recycling points in residential areas. Others suggested avoiding secondary packaging (35.50%), simplifying packaging (30.86%), using electronic waybills (29.09%), incentivizing recycling (21.65%), or encouraging customers to pack their own shipments (20.17%)."

📝 Affinity Diagram

The Affinity Diagram highlights the growing interest in sustainable logistics and packaging among Chinese consumers and the efforts of e-commerce companies to meet this demand. It also underscores the need for continued innovation and investment in sustainable packaging and logistics infrastructure to further reduce the environmental impact of e-commerce.

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🗒️ Research Findings / Pain Points

Infrastructure

Improved infrastructure is needed to support sustainable logistics and packaging, including recycling facilities and waste management systems.

Limited lifespan of reusable packaging

Some reusable packaging has a limited lifespan, which can increase costs and waste if not properly managed.

Lack of awareness and education

Some consumers may not be aware of the environmental impact of e-commerce or the importance of sustainable practices, highlighting the need for education and awareness campaigns.

Collaboration and innovation

Collaboration among stakeholders is necessary to drive innovation and reduce the environmental impact of e-commerce, but this can be challenging due to competition and other factors.

💡Ideate

Based on our research, we found that many users lack the motivation to recycle delivery packages. The study also revealed that many users prefer a fixed recycling location. To address this issue, we proposed a recycling machine. During the brainstorming process, we realized that the lack of participation and sense of accomplishment could be a barrier to sustainable behavior. Therefore, our design ideation aimed to create a more engaging experience that would provide a greater sense of accomplishment for users and emphasize the positive impact they could make on the environment through their actions.

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💡 User Flow

In our projects, we have integrated smart devices to enhance the user experience. The accompanying app includes traditional delivery service features, such as notifications for new packages, package tracking, and delivery history search functions. Additionally, our team has designed a user flow for the Re-Box recycling program. This user flow outlines the steps a user would take when dropping off their recyclable materials at a Re-Box station, using the Re-Box app to unlock the station, separating recyclable from non-recyclable materials, and earning rewards for proper disposal. The purpose of this user flow is to improve the user experience by providing clear instructions and incentives for proper recycling.

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📱 Wireframe

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Mobile Design

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Storyboard

Consumer awareness of recycling is low, and can be gradually cultivated through the corresponding reward and punishment mechanism to gradually cultivate the habit of consumers to return boxes, mobilize the enthusiasm of courier recycling participants and enhance their environmental awareness, which is crucial for the implementation of the courier packaging recycling system after its establishment.

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User Journey

In the our new recycling system, courier companies use recyclable courier boxes to serve e-commerce and consumers, and recyclable courier packaging, while increasing courier delivery back to the cost of revenue force, but reduces the cost of packaging for a single shipment. Without changing the existing user shopping experience, consumers are encouraged and guided to return the courier boxes.

The overall, without changing the online shopping experience of users, the box return function is added to encourage and guide consumers to return the boxes after receiving the goods through the box return prompt and reward mechanism, in line with the offline shopping experience. consumers to return the courier boxes, and build a new courier service system with the offline recycling sites.

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How it works

User Testing

To ensure that the Re-Box system meets the needs of community members and is easy to use, we conducted user testing with a sample of residents and courier station staff. The testing involved the following steps: Recruitment, Pre-testing survey,
Testing session, Post- testing survey, Data analysis.

Overall, users found the Re-Box system to be convenient and easy to use. They appreciated the clear instructions and the fact that the system was designed to be self-explanatory. Participants also liked the fact that they could recycle multiple types of courier packaging materials in one place.

However, a few areas for improvement were identified. Some users found the system to be a bit cumbersome to use for larger packages, and suggested that the system could be designed to accommodate larger items more easily. Others suggested that the labeling on the system could be improved to make it clearer which materials should be placed in each compartment.

Additionally, some participants had concerns about the system's durability, particularly in outdoor settings. They suggested that the system could be made from sturdier materials to ensure longevity and prevent damage from weather or vandalism.

Recruitment

We recruited participants from the local community and courier station staff through social media, posters, and email invitations.

Pre-testing survey

Before the testing session, we administered a survey to assess participants' knowledge of recycling and their attitudes towards the Re-Box system.

Testing session

During the testing session, participants were asked to use the Re-Box system to dispose of their courier packaging materials. We observed and recorded their actions and asked them to provide feedback on the system's ease of use, convenience, and overall experience.

Post-testing survey

After the testing session, we administered a survey to collect feedback from participants on their overall experience with the Re-Box system.Data analysis: We analyzed the data collected from the pre- and post-testing surveys

Data analysis

We analyzed the data collected from the pre- and post-testing surveys and observation notes to identify areas for improvement and to assess the system's overall effectiveness.

Results and takeaways

Results
  • The Re-Box project successfully provided a designated space for proper disposal and recycling of courier packaging materials in community courier stations.
  • The project helped to increase carton recycling rates and encouraged environmentally-friendly practices among community members.
  • The residents' delivery volume increased by about 30% compared to usual, and the daily recycling volume of a single device exceeded 130 kg.
  • The project helped to reduce the amount of waste generated by courier packaging materials and promote sustainable development.
Takeaways
  • Standardized recycling systems are crucial for efficient and effective package recycling in community courier stations.
  • Providing designated spaces for package recycling can improve participation rates and reduce waste in communities.
  • Financial incentives, such as rewards or subsidies, can motivate community courier stations to prioritize package recycling.
  • Educating consumers and courier companies on the importance of package recycling can increase demand for recycling services and encourage broader adoption of sustainable practices.